Question 1:

The correct answer is B. polymer.

Explanation:
A polymer is a large molecule (macromolecule) made up of many repeating smaller units called monomers joined together in a chain. The name comes from Greek: poly meaning "many" and meros meaning "parts."

• For example, polythene is a polymer made from many ethene monomers joined together.

Why the other options are wrong:

• A (monomer): This is the small repeating unit that joins together to make a polymer—not the long chain itself.

• C (wax): Waxes are a type of lipid or ester, not long chains made from repeating identical small units.

• D (giant structure): This term usually refers to giant covalent structures (like diamond or silicon dioxide) or giant ionic lattices, which are not made of repeating monomer units joined in a chain.

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 2:

The correct answer is A. monomers.

Explanation:
A monomer is a small, simple molecule that can join together with many other identical or similar small molecules to form a long chain. The word monomer comes from Greek: mono meaning "one" and meros meaning "part."

• For example, ethene is the monomer that joins together to form the polymer polythene.

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 3:

The correct answer is D. poly(butene).

Explanation:
When naming addition polymers, the name is simply formed by taking the name of the alkene monomer and adding the prefix "poly-" in front of it (usually in parentheses).

Since the monomer is butene (an alkene with a C=C double bond), the polymer formed is called poly(butene). The double bond in the monomer breaks and opens up to join the monomers together in a long chain, but the base name of the monomer stays the same.

Why the other options are wrong:

• A (butane): This is a completely different molecule—a saturated alkane with no double bond. It cannot form an addition polymer.

• B (butanoic acid): This is a carboxylic acid (containing the –COOH functional group), which is unrelated to polymerizing butene.

• C (poly(butane)): This name is incorrect because the monomer is an alkene (butene), not an alkane (butane). The "ene" ending in the monomer name must be preserved (as "butene") when naming the polymer.

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 4:

The correct answer is A. a double C=C bond.

Explanation:
In addition polymerization, the monomer must contain a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C). This double bond is the reactive site—it breaks open (specifically, the weaker π bond breaks) and allows the monomers to join together in a long chain, forming single bonds between the carbon atoms of adjacent monomers.

No small molecules (like water) are lost during this process; it is simply a chain reaction of alkenes joining together.

Why the other options are wrong:

• B (two functional groups): This is a requirement for condensation polymerization, not addition polymerization. For addition, only one reactive C=C bond is needed.

• C (only carbon atoms): Many addition monomers contain other atoms. For example, vinyl chloride (CH₂=CHCl) polymerizes to form PVC, and it contains chlorine atoms. The monomer only must contain carbon and hydrogen to be a hydrocarbon alkene, but it is not restricted to only carbon atoms.

• D (a CH₃ group): This is not a requirement at all. For example, ethene (CH₂=CH₂) has no CH₃ group but readily undergoes addition polymerization to form polythene.

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 5:

Based on the chemical structure of propene, the correct repeat unit for its polymer (polypropene) is C.

Why C is correct:

To find the repeat unit of an addition polymer:

- Identify the double bond: In propene, the polymerization occurs at the C=C double bond.

- Break the double bond: The double bond becomes a single bond, and "extension bonds" are drawn out the sides.

- Arrange the groups:

• The two carbons from the original double bond form the backbone.
• One carbon has two H atoms.
• The other carbon has one H atom and one CH₃ (methyl) group.

Option C correctly shows this arrangement: a two-carbon backbone where one carbon is attached to a methyl group and the other to hydrogens.

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 6:

The correct answer is B. cracking.

Explanation:
Cracking is the chemical process used to break down long-chain hydrocarbon molecules (obtained from crude oil fractions) into smaller, more useful ones—such as ethene. This process typically involves heating the long-chain hydrocarbons to a high temperature (around 500–600°C) and often using a catalyst (like alumina or silica).

• For example: C₁₀H₂₂ → C₂H₄ + C₈H₁₈ (Decane cracks to form ethene and octane).

Why the other options are wrong:

• A (fractional distillation): This is a physical separation process used to separate crude oil into different fractions based on boiling points. It does not change the size of the hydrocarbon molecules.

• C (oxidation): This refers to a reaction where a substance gains oxygen or loses hydrogen (like burning). It is not used to split long-chain hydrocarbons into ethene.

• D (polymerization): This is the opposite process—it joins small alkene molecules (like ethene) together to form long-chain polymers (like polyethene).

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 7:

The correct answer is B. Decolorizes / Remains orange.

Explanation:

• Ethene (an alkene): Ethene contains a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C), which is unsaturated. When you shake ethene with orange bromine water, the bromine adds across the double bond in an addition reaction, forming a colorless dibromo compound (1,2-dibromoethane). As a result, the orange bromine water is decolorized (turns colorless). This is the standard chemical test for unsaturation (alkenes).

• Poly(ethene) (a saturated polymer): Poly(ethene) is a long-chain saturated polymer—all the carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds (C–C). There are no double bonds present. Since there is no C=C bond for the bromine to react with, the bromine water remains orange; no reaction takes place.

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 8:

The correct answer is C. They are easy to dispose of.

Explanation:
This statement is false because most addition polymers (like polythene, polypropylene, and PVC) are actually very difficult to dispose of due to their inert and non-biodegradable nature.

Here is why disposal is a major problem:

• They do not rot or decompose naturally (they persist in landfills for hundreds of years).

• They cannot be easily burned without releasing toxic gases (e.g., PVC releases hydrogen chloride gas).

• Recycling is possible but not always cost-effective or widely implemented.

Why the other options are true (and therefore not the answer):

• A (They are inert): True. Addition polymers are generally unreactive because they consist of strong, saturated C–C and C–H bonds. This makes them chemically resistant to acids, alkalis, and water.

• B (They are not biodegradable): True. Most addition polymers have no polar bonds, so microorganisms cannot break them down. They remain in the environment for a very long time.

• D (They produce toxic gases on burning): True. For example, burning PVC releases hydrogen chloride (HCl), and burning nylon or polyurethane can release hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and carbon monoxide (CO). Even polythene produces carbon monoxide if combustion is incomplete.

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 9:

Based on the chemical structure provided, the correct answer is A.

Reasoning

Identifying the Monomer: To find the monomer of an addition polymer, you look at the repeating unit within the brackets and replace the single carbon-carbon bond with a double bond. The repeating unit has two carbons, three hydrogens, and one chlorine. Therefore, the monomer is chloroethene CH₂CHCl, also known as vinyl chloride.

Naming the Polymer: Addition polymers are named by placing "poly" in front of the monomer name in parentheses. Thus, the polymer is poly(chloroethene) (PVC).

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 10:

The correct answer is D. small molecular structure with little energy needed to overcome the intermolecular forces.

Explanation✅ D is correct:

While addition polymers are long chains, they are classified as simple molecular structures (or small covalent molecules in terms of bonding type, as opposed to giant covalent structures like diamond).

They consist of individual polymer chains held together by weak intermolecular forces. Because these forces are weak, very little energy is needed to overcome them, resulting in a low melting point.

❌ A is incorrect: Addition polymers do not have a giant covalent structure. Furthermore, melting a polymer does not involve breaking strong covalent bonds.

❌ B is incorrect: As mentioned, polymers do not form giant structures (like silicon dioxide or graphite).

❌ C is incorrect: While the structure type aligns with simple/small molecular behavior, melting does not break the internal covalent bonds of the molecule. It only overcomes the forces between the molecules.

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.